Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Table 7 Appendix




Table 1 Gender and Periods

Period 1
(1961-1971)
Period 2
(1972-1982)
Period 3
(1983-1993)
All
N % n % n % n %
Men 241 (56) 559 (54) 662 (53) 1462 (54)
Women 0 - 7 - 4 - 11 -
Uncertain 190 (44) 470 (46) 594 (47) 1254 (46)
All 431 (100) 1036 (100) 1260 (100) 2727 (100)

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Table 2 Percentages of Each Occupation

Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 All ƒÔ2a ƒÓ
n % N % N % n %
Job Holder Men 99 (79) 229 (77) 308 (74) 636 (76) 1.24 .04
Women 27 (21) 68 (23) 106 (26) 201 (24)
Dependent Men 68 (35) 128 (30) 171 (34) 367 (33) 2.84 .05
Women 128 (65) 305 (70) 328 (66) 761 (67)
Other Men 74 (68) 202 (68) 183 (53) 459 (61) 16.03**** .15
Women 35 (32) 97 (32) 160 (47) 292 (39)
ƒÔ2b 68.39**** 198.23**** 146.25**** 387.17****
ƒÓ .40 .43 .34 .38

Notes. a:This column indicates the result of ƒÔ2 test for the association between gender and periods for each category of central person.
b:This row indicates the result of ƒÔ2 test for the association between categories and gender for each period.
+p<.10, *p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001, ****p<.0001.
These notes can also be used for Tables 3-7.
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Table 3 Percentages of Each Location
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 All ƒÔ2 ƒÓ
n % N % n % n %
In the Home Men 51 (55) 145 (53) 144 (44) 340 (49) 9.51** .12
Women 42 (45) 129 (47) 183 (56) 354 (51)
Out of the Home Men 164 (58) 389 (56) 471 (56) 1024 (57) 0.02 .00
Women 121 (42) 300 (44) 366 (44) 787 (43)
Other Men 26 (49) 25 (38) 47 (51) 98 (46) 2.13 .10
Women 27 (51) 41 (62) 45 (49) 113 (54)
ƒÔ2 1.99 8.10* 15.80**** 15.69****
ƒÓ .07 .09 .11 .08

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Table 4 Percentages of Each Credibility Basis
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 All ƒÔ2 ƒÓ
n % n % n % N %
User Men 175 (54) 346 (50) 354 (49) 875 (54) 1.94 .03
Women 151 (46) 340 (50) 368 (51) 859 (46)
Authority Men 20 (63) 34 (89) 29 (62) 83 (71) 9.38** .28
Women 12 (37) 4 (11) 18 (38) 34 (29)
Other Men 46 (63) 179 (59) 279 (57) 504 (58) 0.89 .03
Women 27 (37) 126 (41) 208 (43) 361 (42)
ƒÔ2 2.72 25.44**** 9.54** 28.55****
ƒÓ .08 .16 .09 .10

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Table 5 Percentages of Each Argument
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 All ƒÔ2 ƒÓ
n % n % n % N %
Factual Men 34 (63) 70 (76) 50 (46) 154 (60) 19.23**** .28
Women 20 (37) 22 (24) 59 (54) 101 (40)
Opinion Men 15 (75) 72 (56) 100 (61) 187 (60) 2.64 .09
Women 5 (25) 56 (44) 65 (39) 126 (40)
None Men 192 (54) 417 (52) 512 (52) 1121 (52) 0.50 .02
Women 165 (46) 392 (48) 470 (48) 1027 (48)
ƒÔ2 4.70+ 20.27**** 6.30* 11.15**
ƒÓ .10 .14 .07 .06

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Table 6 Percentages of Each Price Group
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 All ƒÔ2 ƒÓ
n % n % n % n %
Over 5000 Yen Men 92 (63) 235 (65) 179 (43) 506 (59) 13.63*** .13
Women 53 (37) 127 (35) 166 (57) 346 (41)
Up to 5000 Yen Men 128 (52) 269 (48) 341 (53) 738 (51) 2.32 .04
Women 116 (48) 286 (52) 307 (47) 709 (49)
Other Men 21 (50) 55 (49) 142 (54) 218 (52) 0.85 .05
Women 21 (50) 57 (51) 121 (46) 199 (48)
ƒÔ2 5.11+ 25.27**** 0.27 15.66****
ƒÓ .11 .16 .02 .08

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Table 7 Percentages of Each Age Group
Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 All ƒÔ2 ƒÓ
n % N % N % n %
Young Men 23 (17) 89 (23) 110 (22) 222 (21) 2.13 .05
Women 114 (83) 304 (77) 395 (78) 813 (79)
Old Men 181 (76) 412 (75) 478 (76) 1071 (76) 0.23 .01
Women 57 (24) 136 (25) 148 (24) 341 (24)
Other Men 37 (66) 58 (61) 74 (57) 169 (63) 1.31 .07
Women 19 (34) 30 (39) 51 (43) 100 (37)
ƒÔ2 126.57**** 259.78**** 336.3**** 720.86****
ƒÓ .54 .50 .52 .52

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Appendix Judgment Criteria
Commercials are reflections of Japanese culture. They provide windows through which we can look into our future. Committee members fairly and impartially select commercials for awards based on the following criteria:
1. Effectiveness
Does the commercial provide information useful for people's daily lives?
Is the commercial easy to understand? Can people sympathize with it?
Does the commercial make clear assertions?
2. Originality
Is the concept of the commercial novel?
Are the expressions in the commercial unique?
3. Ethics
Does the commercial express the truth?
Does the commercial reflect appropriate moral standards?

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